Post updated 2019-07-24. Ed. Fault Consideration & Fault Exclusion ISO 13849 – 1, Chapter 7 [1, 7] discusses the need for fault consideration and fault exclusion. Fault consideration is the process of examining the components and sub-systems used in the safety-related part of the control system (SRP/CS) and making a list of all the faults that could occur in each…
ISO 13849 – 1 Analysis — Part 7: Safety-Related Software
Post updated 2019-07-24. Ed. Safety-Related Software Up to this point, I have been discussing the basic processes used for the design of safety-related parts of control systems. The underlying assumption is that these techniques apply to the design of hardware used for safety purposes. The remaining question focuses on the design and development of safety-related software…
Read MoreISO 13849 – 1 Analysis — Part 6: CCF — Common Cause Failures
Post updated 2019-07-24. Ed. What is a “Common Cause Failure”? There are two similar-sounding terms that people often get confused: Common Cause Failure (CCF) and Common Mode Failure. While these two types of failures sound similar, they are different. A Common Cause Failure is a failure in a system where two or more portions of the system fail at…
Read MoreISO 13849 – 1 Analysis — Part 5: Diagnostic Coverage (DC)
Post updated 2019-07-24. Ed. What is Diagnostic Coverage? Understanding Diagnostic Coverage (DC) as it is used in ISO 13849 – 1 [1] is critical to analysing the design of any safety function assessed using this standard. In case you missed a previous part of the series, you can read it here. In the last instalment of this series discussing…
Read MoreISO 13849 – 1 Analysis — Part 4: MTTFD – Mean Time to Dangerous Failure
Post updated 2019-07-24. Ed. Functional safety is all about the likelihood of a safety system failing to operate when you need it. Understanding Mean Time to Dangerous Failure, or MTTFD, is critical. If you have been reading about this topic at all, you may notice that I am abbreviating Mean Time to Dangerous Failure with all capital…
Read MoreISO 13849 – 1 Analysis — Part 3: Architectural Category Selection
Post updated 2019-07-24. Ed. At this point, you have completed the risk assessment, assigned required Performance Levels to each safety function, and developed the Safety Requirement Specification for each safety function. Next, you need to consider three aspects of the system design: Architectural Category, Channel Mean Time to Dangerous Failure (MTTFD), and Diagnostic Coverage (DCavg). In…
Read MoreISO 13849 – 1 Analysis — Part 2: Safety Requirement Specification
This article was updated 2019-07-24. Ed. Developing the Safety Requirement Specification The Safety Requirement Specification sounds pretty heavy, but actually, it is just a big name for a way to organize the information you need to have to analyze and design the safety systems for your machinery. Note that I am assuming that you are doing this in…
Read MoreISO 13849 – 1 Analysis — Part 1: Start with Risk Assessment
This post was updated 2019-07-24 I often get questions from clients about how to get started on Functional Safety using ISO 13849. This article is the first in a series that will walk you through the basics of using ISO 13849. Keep in mind that you will need to hold a copy of the 3rd edition of ISO 13849 – 1 [1]…
Read MoreCSA Z432 Third Edition Open for Public Review!
CSA Z432, Safeguarding of Machinery, is the basic standard for Canada when it comes to most types of machinery. Only Power Presses and Press Brakes, and Industrial Robots are covered separately in their own standards. CSA Z432 provides guidance on important topics, like: Risk Assessment Risk reduction through the Hierarchy of Controls Guard design requirements…
Read MoreTesting Emergency Stop Systems
I’ve had a number of questions from readers regarding testing of emergency stop systems, and particularly with the frequency of testing. I addressed the types of tests that might be needed in another article covering Checking Emergency Stop Systems. This article will focus on the frequency of testing rather than the types of tests. The Problem Emergency…
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