Control systems must be protected against fluctuations and power loss, whether electrical or fluidic. Fluctuations and losses are well defined in IEC, IEEE and ISO standards. Careful design of electrical systems, including the use of UPSs for electrical control systems and the careful design of pneumatic supply systems, including the proper sizing of pneumatic accumulators for compressed air-powered logic, is essential.
Understanding safety functions: Local control

The local control function is important to understand when designing machinery control systems. If the failure of the local control function could lead to increased risk to the user, it is a safety function. This article explains the local control function from a functional safety perspective.
Read MoreUnderstanding Safety Functions: the Safety-related stop function

The most used safety function on machinery is the safety-related stop function. The requirements discussed in this post are not generally applicable to process-related stop functions unless the process and safety stop functions share the same control system hardware and software.
Read MoreManual reset using an HMI

Update: Things have changed a bit since this post was first published in 2021. There are now some safety-rated HMIs available from big controls companies like Siemens, so if you are considering this approach, consult with your controls vendor to see if their HMIs can meet the requirements of ISO 13849-1. Ed. – 2022-05-10 Question: Can…
Read MoreUnderstanding safety functions: Manual Reset

Following the risk assessment, risk reduction is the next step. A safety function is needed to reduce the risk when the control system is called upon. Safety functions are defined in safety requirement specifications. ISO 13849-1:2015 [1] describes some of the more common safety functions. One of the most poorly understood is the manual reset…
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